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What Are the Production Processes of Ammonium Metatungstate? 38

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT) is a tungsten compound widely used in catalysis, electronics, ceramics, and other fields. Its production processes vary, each with unique advantages and suitable applications. 1. Neutralization Method The neutralization method is the most commonly used for producing AMT due to its relatively simple process and low equipment requirements. The process begins with the reaction of tungstic acid (H?WO?) and ammonia water (NH?·H?O), forming an ammonium tungstate solution through a neutralization reaction. Key to this step is controlling…

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Barium Tungsten Electrodes for Mercury Lamps 43

Mercury lamps, a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp, produce ultraviolet or visible light through arc discharge in mercury vapor. They are widely used in street lighting, industrial illumination, and ultraviolet applications such as sterilization and curing. The electrode is a critical component of mercury lamps, and barium tungsten electrodes are commonly employed due to their superior performance in enabling efficient discharge and extending lamp lifespan. 1. Composition and Characteristics of Barium Tungsten Electrodes Barium tungsten electrodes use tungsten as…

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Barium Tungsten Electrode for Xenon Lamp 35

Xenon lamp (xenon flash lamp) is a light source based on the principle of high-voltage gas discharge. The performance of its electrode material directly affects the luminous efficiency, starting speed and service life of the lamp tube. Barium tungsten electrode has become a widely used electrode material in xenon lamps due to its unique physical and chemical properties. I. Characteristics and Advantages of Barium Tungsten Electrode 1. Excellent Electron Emission Performance The work function of barium tungsten electrode is low…

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Barium Tungsten Electrode for X-Ray Tube 46

Barium tungsten electrode is an important innovation of cathode material in X-ray tube, which is composed of tungsten matrix and barium compound. Tungsten provides a high melting point of 3422°C and excellent corrosion resistance, while the addition of barium reduces the work function to 1.6 eV (pure tungsten is 4.5 eV), making electrons easier to emit, and the current density reaches 10 A/cm2, which significantly improves the efficiency of thermal electron emission. In X-ray tubes, barium tungsten electrodes show unique…

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Barium Tungsten Electrodes for Gas Discharge Lamps 31

Gas discharge lamps are lighting devices that generate light through gas discharge, widely used in fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps (such as sodium lamps, mercury lamps, and metal halide lamps), and specialized light sources. One of their core components is the electrode, with barium tungsten electrodes frequently employed in certain gas discharge lamps due to their superior performance. 1. Composition and Characteristics of Barium Tungsten Electrodes Barium tungsten electrodes use tungsten (W), with a high melting point (approximately 3422°C)…

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Barium Tungsten Electrode for Vacuum Tubes 20

The barium tungsten electrode combines the high-temperature resistance of tungsten with the low work function of barium, making it an efficient and stable cathode material for vacuum tubes. Its balance of electron emission efficiency, longevity, and application versatility has led to its widespread use in various high-performance vacuum tube devices. 1. Composition and Structure of Barium Tungsten Electrode The barium tungsten electrode typically uses tungsten as the base material, impregnated with barium compounds. Tungsten provides high-temperature stability and mechanical strength,…

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Barium Tungsten Electrodes in Cathode Ray Tube 21

The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a classic display technology, and one of its core components is the barium tungsten electrode, typically used as the cathode material in the electron gun. This electrode is responsible for efficiently emitting electron beams to generate images. 1. Advantages of Barium Tungsten Electrodes High Emission Efficiency: The low work function of barium significantly enhances electron emission density. This high-efficiency electron emission ensures that CRTs produce clear and stable images during high-speed scanning, meeting the…

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Barium Tungsten Electrodes for Hot Cathode Electron Tubes 18

Barium tungsten electrodes are critical materials in hot cathode electron tubes. Their unique physical and chemical properties make them a preferred solution in the field of electron emission, with extensive applications, particularly indispensable in special lighting sources and high-performance electronic devices. I. Material Properties of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 1. Low Work Function The work function of barium tungsten electrodes is only 1.6 eV, significantly reducing the energy required for electron emission and enabling efficient electron emission at lower temperatures. 2.…

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Applications of Barium Tungsten Electrodes in the Military Industry 18

The applications of barium tungsten electrodes in the military industry are primarily related to their excellent physical and chemical properties, particularly in high-performance welding and the manufacturing of specialized equipment. 1. High-Precision Welding: Due to their low electron work function, high arc stability, and high-temperature resistance, barium tungsten electrodes are commonly used in inert gas shielded welding (TIG welding). In the military industry, these electrodes are widely applied in the manufacturing of high-strength alloys (such as titanium and nickel-based alloys)…

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Applications of Barium-Tungsten Electrodes in Aerospace 20

Barium-tungsten electrodes are primarily applied in high-reliability electron emission devices within the aerospace sector. Their technical advantages and material properties are directly linked to breakthroughs in satellite communications, deep-space exploration, and military aviation equipment. With ongoing optimization of composite materials and manufacturing processes, these electrodes are poised to further advance the lightweight design, efficiency, and longevity of aerospace electronic components. I. Applications in Core Components 1. Cathodes for Space Traveling Wave Tubes (TWTs) Space TWTs are critical components in satellite…

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