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Yttrium Tungsten Electrode 21

The yttrium tungsten electrode is a composite electrode made from tungsten and yttrium, created by adding an appropriate amount of yttrium oxide (Y?O?) as a modifier to a pure tungsten electrode. Its English name is yttrium tungsten electrode, with a common grade of WY20, a blue color-coded tip, diameters ranging from 0.5mm to 12.0mm, and lengths typically of 150mm or 175mm. The yttrium tungsten electrode combines the traits of pure tungsten electrodes and yttrium oxide, featuring a high melting point,…

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Tungsten Putty 18

Tungsten putty is a novel tungsten product made by bonding tungsten powder with a high-molecular polymer. Unlike typical tungsten products, it differs significantly in both shape and physicochemical properties. It is neither in the form of tungsten oxide powder nor the appearance of high-density tungsten alloys. Physicochemical Properties Tungsten Putty combines the characteristics of tungsten powder and high-molecular polymers. Its appearance resembles solid grease with a glossy, oily surface. Key features include high density, strong oxidation resistance, excellent plasticity, superior…

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Why Is Ammonium Metatungstate Solution Acidic? 19

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT) is a significant tungstate compound, typically represented by the chemical formula (NH?)?H?W??O??·nH?O (where n is the number of water molecules of crystallization, commonly 1 or 2). Structurally, it belongs to the polyoxometalate family known as “tungsten clusters.” Its core structure consists of 12 tungsten-oxygen octahedra connected through shared oxygen atoms, forming a cyclic or cage-like framework, with ammonium ions and protonated water molecules filling the gaps. The polytungstate anion [H?W??O??]?? forms through the polymerization of tungstic acid…

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Factors Affecting the Electronic Work Function of Barium Tungsten Electrode 31

The electronic work function of barium tungsten electrode is its core performance indicator, which directly affects its emission efficiency, operating temperature and life as a hot cathode. The factors affecting the electronic work function of barium tungsten electrode mainly include the following aspects: 1. Material Composition The chemical composition of barium and tungsten in the electrode directly affects the electronic work function. The purity of barium and tungsten and their different ratios will cause the work function to change. For…

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Factors Affecting the Life of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 25

Barium tungsten electrodes are a cathode material widely used in electronic equipment and vacuum tubes such as displays, radars, and communications equipment. Its life is affected by a combination of factors. 1. Operating Temperature High temperature will accelerate the evaporation and ablation of barium tungsten electrode materials, resulting in a shortened electrode life. Proper control of the operating temperature is an important measure to extend the life. 2. Working Current The current directly affects the thermal load and electron emission…

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Factors Affecting Microscopic Defects of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 26

Barium tungsten electrode is a cathode material widely used in vacuum electronic devices (such as electron guns and microwave tubes). Its microscopic defects have an important influence on the electron emission performance, thermal stability and mechanical strength of the electrode. The following are the main factors affecting the microscopic defects of barium tungsten electrodes: 1. Preparation Process The preparation process is one of the key factors affecting the microscopic defects of barium tungsten electrodes, which directly determines the grain size,…

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Factors Affecting the Purity of Barium Tungsten Electrode Materials 19

The factors affecting the purity of barium tungsten electrode materials run through the entire process of its preparation, processing, storage and use, involving multiple links such as raw material selection, process control, and environmental management. I. Raw Material Purity and Quality 1.1 Tungsten Matrix Raw Materials Purity Requirements: High-purity tungsten powder must be used to reduce the introduction of impurities. Pretreatment: Tungsten powder needs to be annealed, ground and screened to remove internal stress and surface impurities to ensure the…

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Factors Affecting the Stability of High-Frequency Electric Field of Barium Tungsten Electrode 21

The stability of barium tungsten electrode (usually refers to barium tungsten cathode, a hot cathode electron emission material) in high-frequency electric field (such as microwave tube, magnetron, traveling wave tube, etc.) is its core performance indicator. The factors affecting the stability of high-frequency electric field of barium tungsten electrode mainly include the following aspects: 1. Barium Supply and Active Layer Formation 1.1 Diffusion Rate of barium: At the cathode operating temperature, barium compounds (such as BaO, BaAl?O?, BaCaAl?O?) in the…

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Factors Affecting the Pulse Discharge Performance of Barium Tungsten Electrode 10

The pulse discharge performance of barium tungsten electrode is affected by the comprehensive effect of multiple influencing factors such as material composition, microstructure, preparation process, working parameters and environmental conditions. I. Material Composition and Doping Elements 1. Barium Content and Barium Compounds The low work function of barium (about 2.1 eV) significantly reduces the electron emission energy and is the key to improving pulse discharge performance. Barium oxide (BaO) impregnation can optimize electrode performance, including reducing ignition voltage, improving luminous…

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Factors Affecting the High Temperature Performance of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 16

The performance of barium tungsten electrodes at high temperatures is affected by a variety of factors, covering aspects such as material properties, preparation process and use environment: 1. Chemical Composition The purity of barium and tungsten and their proportion in the electrode directly affect the stability and conductivity at high temperatures. High-purity materials generally have better performance, while imbalanced proportions may lead to performance degradation. 2. Structure The crystal structure and microstructure of the electrode are critical to its high-temperature…

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